4 Maccabees 1:19-21

New Revised Standard Version Updated Edition

¹⁹ Rational judgment is supreme over all of these, since by means of it reason rules over the passions. ²⁰ The two most comprehensive types of the passions are pleasure and pain, and each of these is by nature concerned with both body and soul. ²¹ There are many sequences of passions with both pleasure and pain.